A substation is the part of an electricity transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from low to high and vice versa using transformers. The range of voltages in a power system varies from 110 V up to 765 kV. Transformation may take place in several stages and at several substations in sequence, starting at the generatig plant substation where the voltage is increased for transmission purposes and is then progressively reduced to the voltage required for household use.
A typical substation will contain line termination structures, high-voltage switchgear, one or more power transformers, low voltage switchgear, surge protection, controls, and metering.
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